Contents

Displays

Typesetting

Displays

Displayed equations keep TEX’s spacing, operator sizes and limits. A display is not re-broken. Instead, the build runs TEX at several widths to learn how the space around and inside the display shrinks, and the viewer uses this to fit it to a narrower column. A display scrolls only when its ink does not fit.

Displayed equations

Displayed equations keep TEX’s spacing, operator sizing, and limit placement:

R − ∞ ∞ 𝑒 − 𝑥 2 𝑑 𝑥 = 𝜋 , P 𝑛 = 1 ∞ 1 𝑛 2 = 𝜋 2 6 , 𝜁 ( 𝑠 ) = Q 𝑝 prime 1 1 − 𝑝 − 𝑠 .

Nested subscripts, roots and large delimiters are sized as in print:

lim 𝑛 → ∞ ( 1 + 𝑥 𝑛 ) 𝑛 = 𝑒 𝑥 , 3 − 𝑞 2 + 𝑞 2 4 + 𝑝 3 27 .
\section*{Displayed equations}
Displayed equations keep \TeX{}'s spacing, operator sizing, and limit placement:
\[
  \int_{-\infty}^{\infty} e^{-x^2}\,dx = \sqrt{\pi},
  \qquad
  \sum_{n=1}^{\infty} \frac{1}{n^2} = \frac{\pi^2}{6},
  \qquad
  \zeta(s) = \prod_{p\ \mathrm{prime}} \frac{1}{1 - p^{-s}}.
\]
Nested subscripts, roots and large delimiters are sized as in print:
\[
  \lim_{n \to \infty} \left( 1 + \frac{x}{n} \right)^{\! n} = e^{x},
  \qquad
  \sqrt[3]{\,\frac{-q}{2} + \sqrt{\frac{q^2}{4} + \frac{p^3}{27}}\,}.
\]

Display families

The width model is built from the finished boxes, whatever environment produced them. This block shows the standard families.

P 𝑟 = 0 𝑛 𝑟 = 𝑛 ( 𝑛 + 1 ) 2 .
(1) 𝑒 𝑖 𝜋 + 1 = 0 .
(2) 𝑥 + 𝑦 = 𝑧 , (3) 𝑢 + 𝑣 = 𝑤 .
𝑎 1 + 𝑎 2 + 𝑎 3 + 𝑎 4 + 𝑎 5 + 𝑎 6 (4) + 𝑎 7 + 𝑎 8 + 𝑎 9 + 𝑎 10 = 𝑠 .
(5) 𝑝 = 𝑞 𝑟 = 𝑠 , (6) 𝑡 = 𝑢 𝑣 = 𝑤 .
(7) 𝐴 = 𝐵 𝐶 = 𝐷 , (8) 𝐸 = 𝐹 𝐺 = 𝐻 .
( 𝑥 + 𝑦 ) 2 = 𝑥 2 + 2 𝑥 𝑦 + 𝑦 2 , ( 𝑥 − 𝑦 ) 2 = 𝑥 2 − 2 𝑥 𝑦 + 𝑦 2 .
𝛼 = 𝛽 + 𝛾 , 𝛿 = 𝜖 , 𝜁 = 𝜂 , 𝜃 = 𝜄 + 𝜅 , 
\section*{Display families}
The width model is built from the finished boxes, whatever environment
produced them. This block shows the standard families.
\[
  \sum_{r=0}^{n} r = \frac{n(n+1)}{2}.
\]
\begin{equation}
  e^{i\pi}+1=0.
\end{equation}
\begin{gather}
  x+y=z, \\
  u+v=w.
\end{gather}
\begin{multline}
  a_1+a_2+a_3+a_4+a_5+a_6 \\
  {}+a_7+a_8+a_9+a_{10}=s.
\end{multline}
\begin{flalign}
  p&=q && r&=s, \\
  t&=u && v&=w.
\end{flalign}
\begin{alignat}{2}
  A&=B \qquad& C&=D, \\
  E&=F & G&=H.
\end{alignat}
\begin{equation}
  \begin{split}
    (x+y)^2 &= x^2+2xy+y^2, \\
    (x-y)^2 &= x^2-2xy+y^2.
  \end{split}
\end{equation}
\[
  \begin{aligned}
    \alpha&=\beta+\gamma, & \delta&=\epsilon, \\
    \zeta&=\eta,         & \theta&=\iota+\kappa,
  \end{aligned}
  \qquad
  \begin{gathered}
    m=n,\\
    r=s.
  \end{gathered}
\]

The model is built from the finished boxes, not from the environment’s name, so displays defined by packages work too. The smallest space kept between the pieces of a display is a viewer option, data-display-min-space.